Uma uthola izingxenye zensimbi ezinembayo zezimoto, imishini yokwakha, noma okokusebenza kwemboni, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone "i-IATF16949 eqinisekisiwe" kumaphrofayela abahlinzeki. Kodwa empeleni kusho ukuthini ekusebenzeni? Ingabe iqinisekisa ikhwalithi? Idinga ukuthi abahlinzeki benzeni ngokuhlukile esitolo esiyisisekelo se-ISO 9001? Futhi kufanele uyisebenzise kanjani njengomthengi lapho uhlola abakhiqizi baseShayina?
Lesi sihloko siphendula leyo mibuzo ngokombono wefekthri ebambe isitifiketi iminyaka futhi ehlala naso nsuku zonke.
Yini i-IATF16949?
I-IATF16949 (I-International Automotive Task Force 16949) iyindinganiso yesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi yomhlaba wonke yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngezimoto. Yathuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela ama-OEM amakhulu ezimoto - okuhlanganisa iFord, GM, Stellantis, BMW, Volkswagen, namanye - nge-International Automotive Task Force, futhi ihambisana ne-ISO 9001 njengesisekelo sayo.
Inguqulo yamanje ithi IATF 16949:2016 , ethathe indawo yezinga langaphambilini le-ISO/TS 16949:2009.
Ububanzi: Izinga lisebenza kumasayithi okukhiqiza akhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto nama-assemblies - okuhlanganisa ukulingisa, ama-forging, izingxenye eziwumshini, izingxenye ezinezitembu, okuhlanganisiwe okushiselwe, namapulasitiki abunjiwe - ahlinzekwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile kuma-OEM ezimoto.
Iqiniso elibalulekile: I-IATF16949 ayikwazi ukubanjwa inkampani iyodwa. Kufanele isetshenziswe endaweni ethile yokukhiqiza futhi idinga ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvela eceleni yinhlangano yezitifiketi enesitifiketi (CB) ebhaliswe ne-IATF. Azikho "izitifiketi zokuziqinisekisa."
I-IATF16949 vs. ISO 9001: Uyini Umehluko?
Abakhiqizi abaningi abanembayo e-China babambe i-ISO 9001 — indinganiso yesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi evamile. I-ISO 9001 iyisisekelo esiqinile, kodwa i-IATF16949 iqhubekela phambili kakhulu ezidingweni ezibalulekile ezingxenyeni zebanga lezimoto.
| Indawo Edingekayo | ISO 9001:2015 | IATF16949:2016 |
|---|
| Ukulawulwa kobungozi (FMEA) | Ukucabanga okujwayelekile okusekelwe engozini | I-DFMEA / PFMEA iphoqelekile ngendlela ethile |
| Ukuhlelwa Kwekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Okuthuthukisiwe (APQP) | Akudingeki | Inqubo yokwethulwa komkhiqizo ohlelekile oyisibopho |
| Inqubo Yokuvunyelwa Kwengxenye Yokukhiqiza (i-PPAP) | Akudingeki | Iyadingeka ezingxenyeni ezintsha nezinguquko — kufika ku-18 izici zokuhambisa |
| Lawula izinhlelo | Akudingekile ngokuqondile | Kuyisibopho ku-prototype, ngaphambi kokwethulwa, nezigaba zokukhiqiza |
| Ukuhlaziywa kwesistimu yokulinganisa (MSA) | Akudingeki | Okuphoqelekile - Kudingeka izifundo ze-Gauge R&R |
| Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo (SPC) | Akudingeki | Iyadingeka ezicini ezibalulekile |
| Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo | Imfuneko evamile | Amathuluzi athile agunyazwe (8D, Shainin, Six Sigma, njll.) |
| Izidingo eziqondene nekhasimende | Akunakiwe | Kufanele kukhonjwe, kubuyekezwe, futhi kusetshenziswe |
| Ukulandeleka | Imfuneko evamile | Impahla ephelele kanye nokulandeleka kwenqubo enombolweni yokushisa yezinto ezingavuthiwe |
| Isitifiketi somqhubi | Akudingeki | Iyadingeka ezinqubweni ezithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo |
| Ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa kabusha konyaka | Njalo eminyakeni emi-3 | Ukubhekwa kwaminyaka yonke + ukugunyazwa kabusha kweminyaka emi-3 |
Okushiwo okusebenzayo: imboni ye-IATF16949 inezinqubo ezihlelekile, ezibhaliwe, nezihloliwe ezihamba ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwedokhumenti. Zithinta indlela ingxenye yakho eklanywe ngayo, ifaniswe, yethulwa, elawulwa ngayo ekukhiqizweni, ekalwe, futhi ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Kusho ukuthini I-IATF16949 Embonini Yokusakaza Nokwakha
Esikhungweni sokutshala imali esinembayo noma sokuqamba, isitifiketi se-IATF16949 sidinga - phakathi kwezinye izinto:
1. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo emthonjeni Isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo - umjovo we-wax, isakhiwo segobolondo, izinga lokushisa elisakazwayo, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kokusakazwa, izinhlelo zemishini ye-CNC, ukwelashwa kwendawo - kufanele kube nohlelo Lokulawula olubhaliwe olunezindlela zokuqapha ezicacisiwe, imikhawulo yokulawula, nezinhlelo zokusabela ezimweni ezingaphandle kokulawula.
2. Ukulandeleka kwempahla Yonke iqoqo lengxubevange kufanele ilandeleke kusitifiketi sayo sokugaya (isitifiketi sokushisa). Inombolo yokushisa ihamba nempahla efekthri, ixhumanisa yonke ingxenye eqediwe kukhemistri yempahla eluhlaza kanye nedatha yokuhlola yemishini.
3. Amadokhumenti e-PPAP ezingxenye ezintsha Lapho ingxenye entsha igunyazwa ukukhiqizwa, ifekthri yezinga lezimoto ilungiselela iphakheji ye-Production Part Approval Process (PPAP). Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:
- Amarekhodi edizayini (imidwebo, imininingwane)
- Amadokhumenti okushintsha ubunjiniyela
- I-PFMEA (Imodi Yokuhluleka Kwenqubo Nokuhlaziywa Kwemiphumela)
- Uhlelo Lokulawula
- Ukuhlaziywa Kwesistimu Yokulinganisa (Gauge R&R)
- Imiphumela yobukhulu (Umbiko Wokuhlolwa Kwendatshana Yokuqala)
- Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezinto (ikhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini)
- Izifundo zamandla okucubungula (Cpk ≥ 1.67 ngezici ezibalulekile)
- Izingxenye zesampula
Lawa maphepha alindelwe abahlinzeki bezimoto be-Tier 1 kanye ne-Tier 2 ngaphambi kokugunyaza umthombo omusha wokulingisa noma wokuqamba.
4. Ukusabela okungalungile — inqubo ye-8D Lapho isikhalazo sekhasimende noma ingxenye engahambisani nalokho kubikwa, ifekthri ye-IATF16949 idingeka ukuthi iphendule ngombiko ohlelekile wokuxazulula izinkinga we-8-Disciplines (8D) — ehlonza imbangela, izenzo zokuvimbela, izenzo zokulungisa, kanye nezenzo zokuvimbela ezinobufakazi obungaqinisekiswa.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku kwaminyaka yonke kwezinkampani zangaphandle Ngokungafani ne-ISO 9001, evumela umjikelezo weminyaka emi-3 wokunikeza izitifiketi nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, i-IATF16949 idinga ukuhlolwa endaweni njalo ngonyaka . Umzimba wokunikeza izitifiketi uhlola ifekthri ngokumelene nezinga eligcwele - futhi noma yikuphi ukungathobeli okuyinhloko kungabangela ukumiswa kwesitifiketi.
Ungasiqinisekisa Kanjani Isitifiketi Se-IATF16949 Lapho Uthola Ukuthola Okuvela E-China
Ngeshwa, kukhona ukukhwabanisa kwesitifiketi. Nansi indlela yokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso:
Isinyathelo 1 — Hlola isizindalwazi se-IATF Global Oversight (IATF GO) I-IATF igcina imininingwane yomphakathi yazo zonke izitifiketi ezivumelekile ze-IATF16949 kokuthi: www.iatfglobaloversight.org Sesha ngegama lenkampani, indawo yesayithi, noma inombolo yesitifiketi. Isitifiketi esivumelekile sizobonisa ikheli lesayithi eliqinisekisiwe, ububanzi besitifiketi, inombolo yesitifiketi, nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Isinyathelo sesi-2 — Hlola ukuthi ububanzi buhlanganisa izingxenye zakho Ububanzi besitifiketi buchaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhiqizo kanye nezinqubo ezikhona. Isitifiketi "somshini wezingxenye zepulasitiki" asibandakanyi ukufakwa kwe-investimenti. Ububanzi kufanele bumboze ngokusobala ukulingisa, ukubumba, noma ukukhanda njengoba kusebenza ezingxenyeni zakho.
Isinyathelo sesi-3 - Cela ikhophi yesitifiketi Isitifiketi esisemthethweni sizobonisa:
- Igama elisemthethweni kanye nekheli lesizinda sokukhiqiza
- Igama lendikimba yesitifiketi (kufanele libe yi-CB eqashelwa yi-IATF)
- Inombolo yesitifiketi
- Amadethi okusebenza
- Ilogo ye-IATF kanye ne-CB accreditation mark
Isinyathelo sesi-4 — Cela isitatimende sekhono le-PPAP Buza umphakeli: "Ungakwazi ukunikeza ukuhanjiswa kwe-PPAP Level 3 engxenyeni entsha?" Isitolo sangempela se-IATF16949 sizokwazi kahle ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu futhi sikwazi ukuchaza inqubo yaso.
Yini i-IATF16949 ENGAKUQINISEKISI
Ukwethembeka kulokhu kubalulekile. Isitifiketi se-IATF16949 sisezingeni lesistimu , hhayi isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Kusho ujuthi:
- Ifekthri inezinqubo ezibhaliwe nezicwaningiwe.
- Lezo zinqubo zilawulwa ngendlela ehlelekile.
- Imboni iyakwazi ukukhiqiza imibhalo yezinga lezimoto.
Akusho ukuthi:
- Yonke ingxenye ethunyelwe izoba iphelele.
- Ifekthri ayinakho ukuphunyuka kwekhwalithi.
- Ingxenye ethile oyithengayo iqinisekisiwe.
Kungakho amaqembu anolwazi asebenzisa isitifiketi se-IATF16949 njengokufanelekela okuyisisekelo - umkhawulo omncane - kunesixazululo esiphelele sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Kufanele kuhlanganiswe nalokhu:
- Imibiko Yokuhlola I-athikili Yokuqala (i-FAI) yezingxenye ezintsha
- Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri esizeni (noma ukuhlolwa kwenkampani yangaphandle nge-SGS, Bureau Veritas, TÜV, njll.)
- Amaphrothokholi okuhlola angenayo endaweni yakho
- Sula imininingwane kanye nokucaciswa kobukhulu emidwebeni yakho
Kungani Kubaluleke Kakhulu Ngokusakazwa Nokuqanjwa Kunezinye Izinqubo Eziningi
Ukusakaza nokwenza kuhilela izinqubo eziguquguqukayo ngokwemvelo - izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo, ukungena kwegobolondo, isivinini sokugcwalisa i-die, izinga lokushisa le-billet, isikhathi sokucindezela ithoni. Ngokungafani nokwenza imishini ye-CNC, lapho indlela yamathuluzi inqunywa ngokuphelele, inqubo yokulingisa noma yokukhanga idinga ukuqapha nokulawula kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuvinjelwe i-porosity, ukuvala okubandayo, ukungagcwali phansi, noma ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu okungenzeka kungabonakali phezulu.
Imfuneko ye-IATF16949 Yokulawulwa Kwenqubo Yezibalo (SPC) kanye nezifundo zekhono lokucubungula (Cpk) ibaluleke kakhulu kulo mongo. Iphoqa ifekthri ukuthi ilinganise, igade, futhi ibonise ngezibalo ukuthi inqubo yabo yokulingisa noma yokukhanga isebenza ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokulawula - hhayi nje ukuhlola izingxenye eziqediwe nethemba lokungcono kakhulu.
Ukuzibophezela kwethu kwa-CNSANDCASTING
Ifekthri yethu ibambe isitifiketi se-IATF16949 sokuhlanganisa kwethu utshalomali oludidiyelwe, ukuqamba, kanye nokusebenza kwemishini ye-CNC. Lokhu kusho:
- Yonke ingxenye esiyikhiqizayo ithwala ukulandeleka okugcwele kwempahla ezitifiketini zokugaya impahla eluhlaza.
- Ukwethulwa kwengxenye entsha kulandela inqubo yethu ye-APQP/PPAP njengokujwayelekile.
- Amapharamitha enqubo ebalulekile agadwa ngaphansi kwe-SPC ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Ilabhorethri yethu ye-CMM yenza ukuhlola okungu-100% kokuthunyelwe kwe-Athikili Yokuqala.
- Siphendula kunoma yikuphi ukungathobeli kwekhasimende phakathi kwamahora angu-24 ngokuqukatha kwesikhashana, futhi sivala imibiko ye-8D phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30.
Siyakwamukela ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwamakhasimende kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinkampani zangaphandle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Isiphetho
I-IATF16949 ingaphezu kwebheji encwajaneni. Kubathengi abathungatha ukulingisa okunembayo nokuqanjwa okuvela e-China, kumelela ukuzibophezela okuphusile ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi okuhlelekile - ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukulandeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwethulwa komkhiqizo okuhleliwe, nokuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela ehlelekile.
Isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlonza ehlanganisa ukubuyekezwa komdwebo, i-FAI, nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku ezikhathi ezithile, ingelinye lama-proxi athembeke kakhulu atholakalayo ekuhlonzeni abahlinzeki abakwazi ukusekela uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto kanye nezimboni.
Uma uhlola abahlinzeki bethu futhi ufuna ukuqonda ububanzi besitifiketi sethu, amakhono okubhala, noma inqubo ye-PPAP ngokuningiliziwe — siyajabula ukukunikeza iphakethe lolwazi eligcwele labahlinzeki.
